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| Registros recuperados: 479 | |
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| Gervais, Jean-Philippe; Lapan, Harvey E.. |
| This paper investigates the strategic behavior between countries that have purchasing power on the world market for a certain good. Tariffs and quotas are not equivalent protection instruments in this oligopsonistic market. Policy active importers would be better off by colluding and setting their trade instrument cooperatively. In a non-cooperative setting, if production decisions occur before consumption decisions, the ex-ante optimal policy is not time consistent because the ex-post elasticity of the residual foreign export supply curve is lower than the ex-ante elasticity. However, we show that the importers' inability to irrevocably commit to their trade instrument may be welfare superior to the precommitment solution. The negative welfare... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Precommitment; Time consistency; Optimal tariff and quota; Oligopsony; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17; D4. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18239 |
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| Carter, Colin A.; MacLaren, Donald; Yilmaz, Alper. |
| Japan is one of the largest importers of wheat in the world, with imports originating from three countries, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Australia, Canada, and Japan all use a government single-desk agency to control wheat trade. Many previous studies on competition in the world grain trade have argued the market is imperfectly competitive, and they often point to the Japanese market. We study the Japanese wheat import market for this reason, but find no compelling evidence of imperfect competition. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Wheat trade; Competition; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F14; L10; Q17. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11973 |
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| Beghin, John C.; El Osta, Barbara; Cherlow, Jay R.; Mohanty, Samarendu. |
| We revisit the cost of the U.S. sugar program by analyzing the welfare implications of its removal. We use a multimarket model of U.S. sweetener markets, which includes raw crops, sugar extraction and refining, high-fructose corn syrup, and sweetener users (food-processing industries and final consumers). Our approach addresses the industrial organization of food industries using sweeteners and treats the United States as a large importer. We estimate that, with the removal of the program, cane growers, sugar beet growers, and beet processors would lose $307 million, $650 million, and $89 million (1999 prices), respectively. Sweetener users would gain $1.9 billion (1999 prices). The deadweight loss of the current sugar program is estimated at $532 million... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Sugar program; Sweetener; Trade; Agricultural policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; Q17; F13. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18431 |
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| Marchant, Mary A.; Cornell, Dyana N.; Koo, Won W.. |
| International agricultural trade has evolved over time. Processed foods and developing countries have become major growth markets for U.S. agricultural exports, and foreign direct investment (FDI) has become even more important than exports as a means of accessing foreign markets. The critical question is whether FDI is a substitute for or a complement of exports. This research builds upon an existing theoretical FDI model and contributes to the literature through the development of a simultaneous equation system for FDI and exports, which is estimated using two-stage least squares. Empirical analyses were used to examine the relationship between U.S. FDI and exports of processed foods into East Asian countries - China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea,... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: East Asia; Exports; Foreign direct investment; International trade; Processed foods; International Relations/Trade; F47; Q17; C3; F17. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15471 |
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| Kinnucan, Henry W.. |
| This paper determines the impact of food industry market power on farmers' incentive to promote in a situation where funds for promotion are raised through a per-unit assessment on farm output and food industry technology is characterized by variable proportions. Specifically, building on earlier studies by Azzam and by Holloway, Muth's model is extended to consider the farm-level impacts of generic advertising when downstream firms possess oligopoly and/or oligopsony power and advertising expenditure is endogenous at the market level. Applying the model to the U.S. beef industry, we find that for plausible parameter values market power reduces farmers' incentive to promote. However, the disincentive is moderated by factor substitution, and effectively... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Dorfman-Steiner theorem; Generic advertising; Oligopoly power; Oligopsony power; Marketing; L66; Q13; Q17. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19775 |
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| Kennedy, P. Lynn; Rosson, C. Parr, III. |
| Major components of agricultural competitiveness, including definitions, factors, and indicators of competitiveness, are discussed, The case of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is used to illustrate how factors have influenced the competitive position of the NAFTA countries. Traditional neoclassical trade theory is used to evaluate the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations and trade preferences on agricultural competitiveness. Pre- and post-NAFTA market shares are evaluated for five agricultural commodities of importance to the southern United States. The results of these evaluations are compared with theoretical expectations and discussed with special emphasis on implications for future trade negotiations. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural competitiveness; Exchange rates; International trade; NAFTA; International Relations/Trade; F14; Q17; Q18. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15477 |
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| Miljkovic, Dragan; Marsh, John M.; Brester, Gary W.. |
| Japanese import demand for U.S. beef and pork products and the effects on domestic livestock prices are econometrically estimated. Japan is the most important export market for U.S. beef and pork products. Results indicate foreign income, exchange rates, and protectionist measures are statistically significant. The comparative statistics quantify the effects of recent economic volatility. For example, the 1995-1998 depreciation in the Japanese yen (39%) reduced U.S. slaughter steer and hog prices by $1.29 per cwt and $0.99 per cwt, respectively, while the 1994-1998 reduction in tariffs (14%) increased slaughter steer and hog prices by $0.49 per cwt and $0.33 per cwt, respectively. Livestock producers will continue to have a vested interest in Asian... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Exchange rates; Import demand; Income; Tariffs; Demand and Price Analysis; Q17; F14; C32. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15072 |
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| Blandford, David; Boisvert, Richard N.. |
| In recent years increased emphasis has been placed on a range of "non-trade" concerns and their implications for the move towards freer trade. We review the basis of several of these concerns, focusing particularly on multifunctionality. The simple view of a fixed proportions relationship between agricultural production and non-commodity outputs, such as landscape amenities, is shown to be untenable. Nevertheless, policies to internalize the effects of multiple externalities and public goods must be selected jointly to account for any interrelationships among them, and/or the market goods from agricultural production. We argue that this requires a shift away from traditional agricultural policies with their commodity orientation, towards a new policy... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Non-trade concerns; Multifunctionality; Agricultural policy; International Relations/Trade; Q17. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14615 |
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| Orden, David. |
| With sustained appreciation of the U.S. dollar over the past 4 years, the exchange rate has again taken on importance for agriculture. This overview paper revisits the analysis of exchange rate impacts, reviewing the relevant conceptual arguments, summarizing the evidence economists and agricultural economists have marshaled from the 1970s and the 1980s and from several more recent papers, presenting some illustrative recent empirical analysis of exchange rate effects, and briefly examining the detrimental consequences that sustained appreciation of the dollar is having on U.S. farm policy. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Agricultural trade; Exchange rate; International Relations/Trade; F31; Q17; Q18. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15466 |
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| Barrett, Christopher B.. |
| 1. This paper was commissioned by the Trade and Markets Division of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to address the relationship between food aid and commercial international food trade as background to an anticipated OECD study on the export competition aspects of food aid. The terms of reference for this study call for "a critical review of the existing literature on the potential use of food aid as an export support policy or, alternatively, the potential that food aid bears implications similar to those of export supporting policies." 2. This paper can be summarized as follows. Food aid has multiple objectives, modalities and effects and there has been significant movement over time in each of these areas.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; O1; Q17; F1; Q18. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14742 |
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| Petrolia, Daniel R.; Kennedy, P. Lynn. |
| Increases in the United States tariff-rate quota for sugar are simulated to determine the impact of Cuban market access and an increased Mexican allotment. The effects on both domestic and international sugar markets, including production, consumption, prices and trade, are determined and welfare effects identified. This analysis is carried out using a partial-equilibrium simplified world trade model, Modele International Simplifie de Simulation (MISS), which simulates, in a comparative-static framework, the effects of various policy actions. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Cuba; Mexico; Sugar; Tariff-rate quota; F13; F17; Q17. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43200 |
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| Eastwood, David B.; Brooker, John R.; Hall, Charles R.; Rhea, Alice J.; Estes, Edmund A.; Woods, Timothy A.. |
| Produce growers in Kentucky, North Carolina, and Tennessee were surveyed in 2002 to gather information about their decision making in the areas of planting, postharvest handling, marketing, and expected changes. North Carolina has proportionately more respondents with large operations, and Kentucky and Tennessee were more similar and concentrated in smaller farms. Tennessee and Kentucky respondents were less likely to have engaged in activities that were associated with the commercial distribution system. Greater reliance on the commercial distribution system on the part of North Carolina growers is consistent with more produce export activity. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Cooling; Direct markets; Postharvest handling; Produce marketing; Traceback; D30; D40; Q12; Q13; Q16; Q17. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43205 |
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| Paarlberg, Philip L.; Lee, John G.; Seitzinger, Ann Hillberg. |
| Questions have been raised regarding the economic costs of food-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the United States. This analysis examines how welfare changes are measured and argues that they must be decomposed by groups. Producers with animals quarantined and slaughtered because of FMD measure their welfare change using lost sales. Producers not quarantined measure their welfare change using producer surplus. The change in national sales revenue is accurate when the supply elasticity is low. Welfare changes for consumers also must be decomposed because the change in aggregate consumer surplus hides important shifts in welfare among groups of consumers. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Economic effects; Foot-and-mouth disease; Livestock; Meat; D60; Q13; Q17; Q18. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37832 |
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| Registros recuperados: 479 | |
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